Popcorn lung, or bronchiolitis obliterans, is a rare but serious lung condition that has been linked to the inhalation of certain chemicals. Concerns about vaping and popcorn lung arose due to the presence of diacetyl, a flavouring agent found in some e-liquids. This article explores whether vaping can cause popcorn lung and how to choose safer products.

What Is Popcorn Lung?

Popcorn lung is a condition where the small airways in the lungs become scarred and narrowed, leading to symptoms such as:

• Persistent cough

• Shortness of breath

• Wheezing

The name originates from cases among workers in microwave popcorn factories who inhaled large amounts of diacetyl, a buttery flavouring chemical.

Does Vaping Contain Diacetyl?

Diacetyl was previously used in some e-liquids to create creamy or buttery flavours. However, the connection between diacetyl and popcorn lung prompted stricter regulations:

• In the UK and EU, diacetyl is banned in e-liquids under the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD).

• In the US, some e-liquids still contain diacetyl, but many manufacturers have removed it voluntarily.

Modern, high-quality e-liquids are typically free from diacetyl, especially in regions with strong regulatory oversight.

Has Vaping Been Linked to Popcorn Lung?

To date, there are no confirmed cases of popcorn lung caused by vaping. The levels of diacetyl found in early e-liquids were significantly lower than those found in cigarette smoke, which has not been conclusively linked to popcorn lung either. While the risk is not zero, it is considered extremely low with regulated vaping products.

Other Risks to Lung Health from Vaping

While popcorn lung is unlikely, vaping can still affect respiratory health in other ways:

• Lung Irritation: Chemicals in aerosols, such as formaldehyde and acrolein, can irritate the airways.

• EVALI: Cases of e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) have been linked to unregulated or contaminated products, particularly those containing THC or vitamin E acetate.

How to Choose Safer Vaping Products

• Purchase e-liquids from reputable brands that comply with local regulations.

• Check product labels to ensure they are diacetyl-free.

• Avoid using unregulated or homemade e-liquids.

• Use your device within the recommended wattage range to prevent overheating e-liquids.

Tips for Protecting Lung Health

If you vape, consider these steps to minimise risks:

• Take regular breaks between vaping sessions to allow your lungs to recover.

• Stay hydrated to reduce throat and lung irritation.

• Monitor your health and consult a doctor if you experience persistent respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion

The risk of developing popcorn lung from vaping is extremely low, especially when using high-quality, regulated products. Choosing diacetyl-free e-liquids and following best practices can further reduce any potential risks. If you are concerned about your lung health, consider cutting back on vaping or quitting altogether.